Through the overall mineralization system, the hydrolysis of CO₂ is the first step of the rate-limiting reaction during the formation of mineralization so that the absorbents that are initially contained in the system selectively capture only CO₂. Herein, the biotic (e.g., carbonic anhydrase (CA) and bio-inspired adhesives) as well as abiotic absorbent (e.g., alkali and/or amine based chemicals) are investigated in this research. For the next step, the carbonate (CO3^2-) and bicarbonate (HCO₃^-) ions cause precipitation when only the positive counter ions (e.g., Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, and Ca²⁺) are transferred by the electrical attraction, herein, any salt-containing solution, including such as industrial waste, sea water, even brine with low concentration, can serve as a counter-ion supplier. The minerals recovered from this electrolytic system contain both the carbonate and bicarbonate ions; however, the components change their form mutually according to the simple treatment of pH and temperature as necessary. Consequently, our approach can achieve elimination of CO₂ from the flue gas (typically 10~15%) and at the same time produce valuable products for industrial applications. Also, the pure gas produced by the reaction of oxidation/reduction on the electrode can also be recovered, and these include chlorine (Cl₂) gas, and hydrogen gas (O₂) on the anodic part, and hydrogen (H⁺) gas on the cathodic part, which is another economic benefits.
Along with the development of electrolytic system, the systems will be optimized through simulation considering ever-changing economic variables (e.g., cost of raw material, transport fee, exchange rate, and taxes) that are closely related with this system; in addition, the adaption of experimental results into a systemic approach is necessary. The electrolytic system is a key process in terms of maintaining alkalinity for CO₂ hydrolysis and supplying sufficient counter ions; nevertheless, the system has a bottle-neck due to the inevitable cost incurred by the supplement of electric energy, and sensitive effects caused by scale-up. Therefore, optimization by simulating this electrolytic system is necessary for reducing the operating cost as well as investments, furthermore, the capacity of CO₂ in mineralization according with the operation time also can be predicted.

In this project, the simulation will be carried out in two steps: 1) optimization procedure for the mineralization system, and 2) real-time optimization (Figure 2, Figure 3).

1) Mineralization process modeling
1-1) CO₂ absorption process modeling
1-2) Electrolytic system modeling for supplementation of counter-ions and alkalinity production
1-3) Model integration and validation

2) Real-time optimization
2-1) Sensitivity analysis to select and manipulate variables (Monte-Carlo simulation)
2-2) Constructing objective function for optimization (Multiple scenarios)
2-3) Model predictive control in consider of optimized set point

• Integrative processes of CO₂ mineralization and brine demineralization
• CO₂ capturewith abiotic/chemical catalysts with improved performance
• Multi-functional CA-hybrid platforms based on the protein display on genetically modified bacteria Optimization and cost analysis of overall process

• Integrated CO₂ absorption and conversion system based on an electrolytic desalination system.
• Enhancement of water electrolysis for effective and continuous CO₂ capture with enlarged capacity.
• Applicable and stable system for any absorbents in large range of operating temperature and electrical energy.
• Surface display of carbonic anhydrase (CA) using C. glutamicum in terms of a biological approach.
• Process optimization with simulation.